# Lipset's indicators for the survival of democracy

## Usage

    data(LR)
    data(LC)
    data(LM)
    data(LF)

## Description

This data set is taken from Lipset (1959), as used by Rihoux and De Meur (2009), Cronqvist and Berg-Schlosser (2009) and Ragin (2009).

## Format

A data frame containing 18 rows and the following 6 columns:

`DEV` |  |  |  | Level of development: it is the GDP per capita (USD) in the raw data, calibrated in the binary crisp version to 0 if below 550 USD and 1 otherwise. For the multi-value crisp version, two thresholds were used: 550 and 850 USD.
`URB` |  |  |  | Level of urbanization: percent of the population in towns with 20,000 or more inhabitants, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if below 50% and 1 if above.
`LIT` |  |  |  | Level of literacy: percent of the literate population, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if below 75% and 1 if above.
`IND` |  |  |  | Level of industrialization: percent of the industrial labor force, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if below 30% and 1 if above.
`STB` |  |  |  | Government stability: a “political-institutional” condition added to the previous four “socioeconomic” ones. The raw data has the number of cabinets which governed in the period under study, calibrated in the crisp versions to 0 if 10 or above and 1 if below 10.
`SURV` |  |  |  | Outcome: survival of democracy during the inter-war period, calibrated to 0 if negative, and 1 if positive raw data.

## Details

There are four different versions of the Lipset data:

`LR` |  |  |  | contains the raw data
`LC` |  |  |  | is the same data calibrated to binary crisp sets
`LM` |  |  |  | calibrated to multi-value sets
`LF` |  |  |  | calibrated to fuzzy-sets

## References

Lipset, S. M. (1959) “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”, American Political Science Review vol.53, pp.69-105.

Cronqvist, L.; Berg-Schlosser, D. (2009) “Multi-Value QCA (mvQCA)”, in Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C. (eds.) Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, SAGE.

Rihoux, B.; De Meur, G. (2009) “Crisp Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis (mvQCA)”, in Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C. (eds.) Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, SAGE.

Ragin, C. (2009) “Qualitative Comparative Analysis Using Fuzzy-Sets (fsQCA)”, in Rihoux, B.; Ragin, C. (eds.) Configurational Comparative Methods. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques, SAGE.